Begins with the unwinding of the double helix to expose the bases in each strand of dna. Dna structure, functions and properties by professordr. Dna dna deoxyribonucleic acid dna is the genetic material of all living cells and of many viruses. Early evidence suggesting an rna intermediate between dna and proteins 1. Recombinant dna technology webnote, pdf, ppt, doc, animation. The structure of dna of all species comprises two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34 angstroms 3. This science is concerned with the activity of deoxyribonucleic acid dna and how that activity brings about the production of proteins in microbial and other cells. Dna structure and function if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. The genetic code is the sequence of bases on one of the strands. Dna structure, function and replication is further developed by additional analysis and discussion questions and handson modeling of dna replication. The two sides of the ladder are made of sugars and phosphate groups. Dna, rna, replication, translation, and transcription overview recall the central dogma of biology. Dna structure and function notes dna structure and replication pogil. Introduction pictures of the double helix of deoxyribonucleic acid.
B and t cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. A gene is a specific sequence of bases which has the information for a particular protein. All of these features were described by watson and crick. Chemical structure of the dna double strands dna deoxyribonucleic acid is a doublestranded molecule that. Dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. Clearly, the structures of dna and rna are richer and more intricate than was at. Lecture notes edited by john reif from ppt lectures by. Dna structure, properties, types and functions molecular. The structure of the dna and rna molecule is very important and is often examined.
The doublehelical structure of dna was first proposed by watson and crick. Pdf lecture notes on dna replication and protein synthesis. Dna genetic information in genes rna copies of genes proteins functional molecules dna structure one monomer unit deoxyribonucleic acid composed of a base, a sugar deoxyribose, and a phosphate. It appeared in april 1953 in the scientific paper where james watson and francis crick presented the structure of the dnahelix, the molecule. Cells use a chemical code called deoxyribonucleic acid or dna dna carries all of the cells instructions dna is located in the nucleus during cell division it wraps around proteins to form chromosomes dna is passed from parents to offspring dnas discovery. Transcription is the synthesis of rna using dna as a template. When the nucleotide is added to the growing end of dna or rna chains, it misses two phosphate groups so, in the dna or rna molecules, each nucleotide has. Dna controls cellular activities, including reproduction. Watson and wilkins for the discovery of the molecular structure of dna the double helix. Chemical structure of the dna double strands dna deoxyribonucleic acid is a doublestranded molecule that is twisted into a helix like a spiral staircase. Dna structure is a free biology lesson available for download.
This lesson will explore the race to find the structure of the dna molecule, the parts of that structure and how they fit together, and how this knowledge has been used to advance mankind. Adenine is always opposite thymine, and cytosine is always oppostie guanine. Dna structure dna is a double helix twisted ladder dna is made of nucleotides 3 nucleotide parts 1. With the 50th aniversary of the discovery of the dna structure by james. Dna the building blocks of all life it is a known fact that the raison detre for all living things is to pass on their dna. Dna helix unwinds two strands separate unzip free nucleotides from the cytoplasm enter the nucleus, where they bond to complementary bases on the dna strands. Dna was in the nucleus but proteins were made in the cytoplasm 2. Each strand is comprised of a sugarphosphate backbone and numerous base chemicals attached in. Dna structure, functions and properties slideshare. In this section of the notes, we will study the structure of dna at all these levels in detail.
Notes over the structure of dna, which includes a powerpoint presentation and information about genes and basepairs. The backbone of the dna molecule is made up of two alternating components, what are. D cell division and cell cycle mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle. Nitrogen base adenine a thymine t guanine g cytosine c t a c g nucleotides always pair in the same way. Rna is the genetic material of some viruses and is necessary in all organisms for protein synthesis to occur. The helical structure of dna is variable and depends on the sequence as well as the environment. The nitrogenous bases in dna store the instructions for making polypeptide chains, essentially coding for every feature of the entire organism. Full sequence published and researchers determined that within this sequence there was somewhere between 30,000 and 40,000 genes.
Mar 02, 2012 dna structure, functions and properties 1. It would be superfluous at a symposium on vi ruses to introduce a paper on the structure of dna with a discussion on its importance to the problem. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen.
They used the xray diffraction techniques to find out the threedimensional structure of dna. Rna could have been the original nucleic acid when life first arose on earth some 3. Rna chemically modified with a methylated guanine at the 5 end and a polya sequence at the 3 end these help the ribosome later ensure that the complete recipe for a protein is there 7. Indeed, there is no one generic structure for dna and rna. Each helix has a series of nucleotides held together with phosphodiester bonds between the oh groups in two adjacent sugar residues.
Lecture notes on dna replication and protein synthesis. It told us that all genes have roughly the same threedimensional form and that the differences. The structure of dna is a twisted ladder shape called a double helix. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Maurice wilkins and rosalind franklin by xray diffraction method gave the double helical nature of the dna. Maurice wilkins and rosalind franklin by xray diffraction method gave the double helical nature of. To understand how dna stores information and why some dna leads to genetic disorders, scientists needed to learn what it looks like. Pol iii is the primary replicase enzyme that performs the elongation of the. We argue that, in addition to its coding function, the ability of dna, unlike rna, to adopt a bdna structure confers advantages both for information accessibility and for packaging.
New dna is synthesized by adding one nucleotide at a time. But why is dna, and not rna, now the dominant biological information store. If youre having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, wed love to hear from you. Dna is a polymer, which means that is made up of many repeating single units monomers. Dna can deviate from the ideal watsoncrick structure. Its a history book a narrative of the journey of our. Dna deoxyribonucleic acid is composed of two polynucleotide strands the polymers of nucleotides, which form what looks like a ladder.
Org web experience team, please use our contact form. This page, looking at the structure of dna, is the first in a sequence of pages leading on to how dna replicates makes copies of itself, and then to how information stored in dna is used to make protein molecules. Dna replication california state university, northridge. Watson and crick put it all together to solve the structure of dna in 1953 iv. The structure of dna was given by james watson and francis crick in 1953, for which he received the nobel prize, basing on the discoveries of. Result two identical dna molecules that are exact copies of the original.
The discovery of the molecular structure of dna the double helix 2. Dna and protein synthesis life is a three letter word. Dna determines the kind of cell which is formed, muscle, blood, nerve etc is controlled by dna dna determines the kind of organism which is produced buttercup,giraffe, herring, human etc is controlled by dna dna is often called the blueprint of life because it contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. It takes a very difficult concept protein synthesis and makes it funeasy to learn.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums. Dna, rna, replication, translation, and transcription. Dna structure worksheet use your dna structure notes and chapter 17 to answer these questions 1. The structure of dna dna deoxyribonucleic acid is composed of two polynucleotide strands the polymers of nucleotides, which form what looks like a ladder. Introduction to dna structure duke computer science. Rna synthesis in the nucleus was exported to the cytoplasm. Use your dna structure notes and chapter 17 to answer these. The structure of dna provides the means of storing and expressing genetic. As we shall see in this chapter, there are in fact vari. Interactive workbook with original and custom drawn diagrams. The watson and crick model of dna structure is now accepted. Use your dna structure notes and chapter 17 to answer. Watson and francis crick and the race for the human genome, with all its controversies. U2l6 dna structure and function notes created date.
Dna structure, function and replication teacher notes. While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going. Dna is a double helix, while rna is a single helix. C organization of genes and chromosomes operon, unique and repetitive dna, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons. January, 2020 by sagar aryal dna structure, properties, types and functions. Note the difference in groove width and the relative displacements of the base pairs from the central axis. Both ppts are editable and so are the notes so that you can add in more information or take out information to fit your grade level. Discuss how watson and crick determined the structure of dna including incorporation of. Copying genetic information for transmission to the next generation.
Chromatinremodeling proteins are involved to make dna accessible from the wound histone structure 6. As per the dna structure, the dna consists of two chains of the polynucleotide, each in the form of a spherical spiral. Both have sets of nucleotides that contain genetic information. Read and learn for free about the following article. Animated power point slides integrated with workbook including answers teachers notes with comprehensive details of lesson plan. Dna structure the knowledge generated during this period helped explain how genes function in microorganisms and gave rise to the science of molecular genetics. U2l6 dna structure and function notes phillips academy. Its orientation, width, width between nucleotides, length and number of nucleotides per helical turn is constant. Early evidence suggesting an rna intermediate between dna and proteins. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains.